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Carbonation - parking deck
Extensive carbonation (unstained) proceeds from the formed bottom and broom finished top surface of a core taken through a cast-in-place parking ramp deck. |
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Carbonation - exterior flatwork
Significant carbonation (unstained) is a symptom of ineffective curing and/or excessive w/cm. Note scaling (microcracking) in the carbonated paste. |
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Carbonation - flatwork
Carbonation (unstained) proceeds deeply along subvertical shrinkage microcracking, mapped in red. |
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DEF - polished cross section
Extensive, anastomosing, ettringite-filled microcracks in the paste of a concrete exhibiting delayed ettringite formation (DEF). |
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DEF - thin section
Ettringite-filled microcracking in thin section of concrete exhibiting delayed ettringite formation (DEF). Cross polarized light. |
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573 C isotherm
The 573 C isotherm can be mapped by following the deepest penetration of quartz aggregate distress. The core was taken from a column within the Pentagon after the 9/11 terrorist attack. |
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230 C isotherm
The 230 C isotherm can be mapped by following the deepest penetration of red or pink staining of aggregate particles. The core was taken from the underside of hollow core precast plank after an office fire. |
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quartzite traprock
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glacial gravel
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crushed carbonate
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